A Psycholinguistic Analysis of t he Students’ Perceptions Used Google Classroom as Online Learning Media During Pandemic

Since COVID-19 case is increasing rapidly, many students and teachers must do the teaching and learning process online. Google Classroom has been the most used online learning media chosen by teachers and students during the pandemic. This study aimed to explore how psycholinguistic factors and students' perceptions of the Google Classroom application impacted their remote learning experiences amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This research applied mixed-method in order to answer the research questions. For collecting the data, the researcher utilized the close-ended questionnaire carrying 6 indicators about the student's perceptions of Google Classroom, which were then analyzed quantitatively and used the interview analyzed qualitatively. The questionnaires were given to 33 students as participants. Google Classroom did help the students receive the course materials well and make students become more productive, disciplined, responsible and independent throughout the learning process during the pandemic. The highest percentages of ease of learning Google Classroom (84.85%), and ease of accessing Google Classroom (83.35%), whilst perceived usefulness of Google Classroom (76.08%) and students’ satisfaction with Google Classroom (74.28%) were in the good category.


Introduction
At the beginning of March 2020, the coronavirus  has come to Indonesia. To prevent the increase in COVID-19 cases, all the parties working in the Health and Government Sectors in Indonesia as well as the President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, have issued some procedures that must be obeyed by Indonesian citizens. Indonesian Ministry of Health encouraged the community to operate a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent the diffusion of COVID-19 from human to human (Chairil, 2020). Similarly, the President of Indonesia, Joko Widodo, issued a procedure to enforce large-scale social restrictions in cities and provinces instead of quarantining independently to deter COVID-19 transmission and people coming outside of the area (Setiati et al., 2020).
One of the practices of limiting social interaction during the pandemic is the implementation of online learning or distance learning. Online or distance learning can be beneficial during the pandemic because it can increase students' activeness and help students to get better sources without worrying about the time limit. Previous studies stated online learning simplified students to distribute resources, tape the learning material, and participate in the discussion easily, and online learning might help teacher give their student knowledge freely as it offers flexible times at any time and from anywhere (Febrianto et al., 2020).

A B S T R A C T
Since COVID-19 case is increasing rapidly, many students and teachers must do the teaching and learning process online. Google Classroom has been the most used online learning media chosen by teachers and students during the pandemic. This study aimed to explore how psycholinguistic factors and students' perceptions of the Google Classroom application impacted their remote learning experiences amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. This research applied mixed-method in order to answer the research questions. For collecting the data, the researcher utilized the close-ended questionnaire carrying 6 indicators about the student's perceptions of Google Classroom, which were then analyzed quantitatively and used the interview analyzed qualitatively. The questionnaires were given to 33 students as participants. Google Classroom did help the students receive the course materials well and make students become more productive, disciplined, responsible and independent throughout the learning process during the pandemic. The highest percentages of ease of learning Google Classroom (84.85%), and ease of accessing Google Classroom (83.35%), whilst perceived usefulness of Google Classroom (76.08%) and students' satisfaction with Google Classroom (74.28%) were in the good category.

Open Access Indonesia Journal of Social Sciences
This study aimed to explore how psycholinguistic factors and students' perceptions of the Google Classroom application impacted their remote learning experiences amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Literature Review
Every person has their own views against something in their life. The views themselves are not similar from one person to others as the way they organize or look at something on their views is different. The view itself is known as perception.
Perception is the experience of an object, event, or relationship gained by giving meaning to stimulusresponse in continuing information and forecasting messages entangled concern, expectation, motivation, and mind (Agung et al., 2020). From the definitions of perception above, the researcher can conclude perception is a process that is undergone by every person through observing, organizing, and interpreting an object, experience, or event got by a sense organ in order to provide meaning to the environment. Online learning or distance learning is a type of education where students and teachers or lecturers do not stay in a room or do not meet each other in an instant. Distance education or distance learning was the type of education where students might not attend any class physically.

Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics is language, mental symptoms, and the relationship between them. Language proceeds in the human spirit that is reflected in the soul of symptoms. Language is viewed from the psychological aspect, namely the language processes that occur in the brain (mind), both the speaker's and the listener's brain. In line with this opinion, Chaer These problems may be receptive (involving impaired language comprehension), expressive (involving language production), or a combination of both.
Language disorders can affect both spoken and written language and can also affect sign language; typically, all forms of language will be impaired. the assumption of passive students (Syafri et al., 2022).

Online learning
Since Google Classroom has been chosen as the most commonly used media in carrying out online or distance learning, there are many perceptions emerging and related to it. Perception is a process of receiving a stimulus (objects, quality, relationship between symptoms, or events) until the stimulus is appreciated and grasped (Syafri et al, 2022). There are many terms that have been issued to name the system of teaching and learning using internet (e-learning). There were many standpoints of e-learning used, which were distributed learning, online-distance learning, as well as hybrid learning.
From the terms of online learning that have been mentioned, there is only one term that has been known well and been used in teaching and learning systems which are distance teaching. Online learning was one of the new modes in the teaching and learning process using electronic media, especially as a learning system. E-learning was divided into two main types, which were computer-based and internet-based learning (Salamuddin, 2021). Computer-based learning covers the use of a full range of hardware and software or the use of computer storage to get information in learning.
Internet based-learning is always exerted internet with the use of search engines or social media groups to find more information in learning (Talikan, 2021 (Talikan, 2021).
As technology is flourishing to be more advanced, we need not have to suffer from the lack of information or news coming from another world or to do every task or activity manually anymore. The growth of technology also has affected all aspects of human life.
The first growing technology has affected industrial and trading sectors only, yet today technology has influenced the education sector as well. Aksan (2021) stated ICT has developed and transformed the education sector. In education, technology has helped change teaching and learning methods or styles get better. One of the products of technology that can be used to help 16 educators and students gain many sources and information is Internet. The growth of internet in education has led to and made some changes to the teaching and learning system. The teaching and learning system that appears because of using internet as its assistance is online or e-learning.
Online learning has been a widespread practice over the years as an integrated technology in the education sector.

Methods
The study applies mixed-method. The mixedmethod study combines quantitative and qualitative techniques to understand a research problem more completely in a single study. There are four designs of mixed-method: explanatory design, exploratory design, triangulation design, and embedded design.
This study used a sequential explanatory design in order to answer the research questions and to expand the results obtained from the first step of the research design, which is quantitative, by supporting them with the result from the second step, which is qualitative.
The sequential explanatory design was a design that began with quantitative data and continued with qualitative data that was meant to define or expand the quantitative results.

80-100% Excellent
After the questionnaire results have been calculated, the data that will be analyzed is the interview. For analyzing the data in the interview, the researcher will transcribe the response from the participants into written text in order to facilitate the researcher to categorize their answers according to the classification that has been made based on the indicators written in the blueprint of the questionnaire. The data will be in qualitative form as it is used to expand and reinforce the students' answers that they have selected on the questionnaire.
An interview can give in-depth information, and it is useful for correction and affirmation. The researcher decided to utilize it in order to find out the students' perception of Google Classroom used as an online learning media by listening to the answer of some participants via video conference (Zoom) or Whatsapp voice call directly. The result of the interview itself will be utilized to expand as well support the responses that they have selected on the questionnaire.

Results and Discussion
The effect of the COVID-19 policies that have been published by the health and government sectors as well as the President has interrupted whole aspects in Indonesia. One of the aspects that have experienced the effect of the policies is the education sector. Chairil The perceptions themselves are divided into six indicators related to Google Classroom. For further explanation of the findings, the researcher will write them down as follows; from the percentage stayed in the excellent category can be seen that most students strongly agreed that Google Classroom was easy to learn and access. Those statements are supported by Salamuddin (2021), which stated that all of the students answered strongly agreed and agree with the ease of accessing Google Classroom, whose mean was 4.49. The teachers could conform with Google Classroom as it was quite simple to explore or learn.  Classroom into their teaching practices to improve students' language learning outcomes. Even though all of the students had shown positive perceptions towards Google Classroom used as an online learning media during the pandemic, there were still a few students who gave neutral or negative perceptions of Google Classroom used as an online learning media in a few indicators as they believed that face-to-face learning was still being the primary and most common types of learning (Kusmiyati et al., 2022).

Conclusion
The students gave positive perceptions toward