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Abstract
Background: Large-language-model AI companions invite reciprocal-seeming parasocial relationships, yet no integrated model explains why relational strain translates into machine attachment in a Global-South setting.
Objective: To test whether social-interaction burnout and loneliness predict attachment to AI companions, whether parasocial interaction mediates the burnout-attachment path, and whether collectivist judgment apprehension moderates the loneliness-attachment link.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1,200 young adults recruited through a public organization in Palembang measured burnout, loneliness, judgment apprehension, AI parasocial interaction, and emotional attachment using validated scales.
Results: The model explained 48% of attachment variance. Parasocial interaction, loneliness, and burnout were the strongest predictors. Parasocial interaction partially mediated the burnout-attachment path, and judgment apprehension strengthened the loneliness-attachment association.
Conclusion: The findings support an 'Algorithmic Sanctuary' account of AI companionship and inform digital-wellbeing policy in collectivist societies.
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